Health Corner

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), also known as prostate enlargement, is a common health issue in middle-aged and older men. It is not cancer but occurs when the prostate, a small gland, grows larger with age, pressing on the urethra and causing urination difficulties. Simply put, it’s like the prostate “growing bigger.” According to the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection, about half of men over 50 in Hong Kong experience some degree of BPH.

What is the Prostate and Why Does It Enlarge?

Think of the urinary system as a pipeline, with the prostate as a walnut-sized gland surrounding the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder). It produces part of the seminal fluid to support sperm movement. As men age, hormonal changes (like testosterone effects) cause prostate cells to multiply, enlarging the gland. This can squeeze the urethra, causing issues. In severe cases, the prostate may swell to the size of a mango. Medically, this often starts at ages 40–50, driven by age, hormonal imbalances, and genetics.

Common Symptoms of BPH

BPH develops gradually and may not be noticeable early on. When the prostate presses on the urethra, symptoms include:

• Frequent urination: Especially at night (nocturia), needing to visit the bathroom often.
• Urgency: Sudden, uncontrollable urges to urinate.
• Weak urine stream: Slow, intermittent flow, like squeezing toothpaste.
• Incomplete emptying: Feeling the bladder isn’t fully emptied after urinating.
• Other: Occasional pain or blood in urine, though rare. Severe cases may lead to urinary tract infections or kidney issues.

These symptoms can affect sleep and quality of life, but severity varies. Some men experience only mild discomfort.

Who is More Likely to Develop BPH?

Age is the main factor (risk increases over 50), but other risks include:

• Family history: If your father or brother had BPH, you’re more likely to develop it.
• Lifestyle: Obesity, lack of exercise, or poor diet can worsen it.
• Health conditions: Diabetes or heart disease may indirectly contribute.

The good news? BPH isn’t cancer and won’t become cancer. However, ignoring it could lead to complications like bladder stones or urinary retention.

How is It Diagnosed?

If you have symptoms, a doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical exam, including a digital rectal exam (DRE) to check prostate size. Other tests may include urine flow studies, ultrasound, or PSA blood tests (to rule out cancer).

Treatment depends on symptom severity.

How to Prevent or Manage It?

While BPH can’t be fully prevented, lifestyle changes help:

• Maintain a healthy weight, eat more vegetables, and limit red meat.
• Exercise regularly, like walking or swimming, to support urinary health.
• Avoid holding urine and drink less water at night.
• Get regular check-ups for early detection.

Conclusion

BPH is a natural part of aging for men, much like graying hair. Noticing symptoms early and seeking professional advice can manage it effectively. If you have urination issues, don’t be shy—see a doctor. It can improve your life and prevent complications.